Abstract: This study is aimed at the effect of relative deprivation on interpersonal adaptability of college freshmen. 536 college freshmen were surveyed using the Relative Deprivation Scale, Core Self-evaluations Scale, Social Anxiety Scale and Interpersonal Adaptability Scale. The results were as follows:(1) Correlation analysis showed significantly correlations between relative deprivation, core self-evaluation, social anxiety and interpersonal adaptability; (2) Core self-evaluation and social anxiety played a significant mediating role in the effect of relative deprivation on interpersonal adaptability in college freshmen; (3) Core self-evaluation and social anxiety played significant chain mediating roles in the effect of relative deprivation and interpersonal adaptability. The results further revealed the internal mechanism of relative deprivation on college freshmen interpersonal adaptability.