Abstract: The ecological discourse system of Chinese Modernization has undergone a systematic paradigmatic shift, specifically manifested in three core dimensions: the conceptual transition from anthropocentrism to harmonious coexistence between humans and nature perspective in human-nature relations, the strategic evolution from reactive environmental management to proactive ecological civilization construction in governance logic, and the development objective reorientation from instrumental rationality dominance to ecological value prioritization. This transformation, through the synergistic effect of ecological philosophy reconstruction, institutional innovation, cultural cultivation and discourse narrative transformation, has formed a systematic change covering natural cognition, value orientation, development mode, governance mechanism and civilization form. The reconfigured discourse system not only provides theoretical substantiation for China’s ecological civilization advancement, but also offers globally referential solutions for sustainable governance, demonstrating practical significance in addressing planetary ecological challenges.