“涿鹿之战”“阪泉之战”与族群融合

Battle of Zhuolu, Battle of Banquan and the Integration of Ethnic Groups

  • 摘要: 炎黄时代是史前族群融合的重要时期,其中“涿鹿之战”“阪泉之战”起了关键作用。先有涿鹿之战,发生在今徐州,此战蚩尤凭借多雨泥淖的地利优势取胜。涿鹿本字应为“涿漉”,本来不是地名,而是对暴雨泥泞的战场环境的描述。应龙以排水之法迎战蚩尤失败。后有阪泉之战,蚩尤被擒杀。阪泉即“反原”,地在今河南省平顶山市。阪泉之战发生在黄帝、蚩尤之间,是涿鹿之战的延续。平顶山古为应国,是应龙部族的初居地,平顶山有滍水河、滍阳镇,因蚩尤战败于此而得名。蚩尤被擒杀于“冀州”“中冀”,实为平顶山市的尧山一带,“凶黎之丘”“绝辔之野”即平顶山的地形地貌。涿鹿河北说是郾(燕)国北迁的结果,蚩尤葬山东说是鲁国东迁的结果。蚩尤与炎帝、黄帝之间的“父子”关系是族群融合“拟人化”的史实表现。“都有熊”促进了族群融合及地域扩展。

     

    Abstract: The tribes of Yan and Huang Emperor did not have a long-term large-scale devastating war.There was the Battle of Zhuolu first,which took place in present-day Xuzhou.In this battle,Chiyou won by virtue of the geographical advantage of rainy and muddy circumstances.Zhuo Lu was not originally a place name,but a description of the rainstorm and muddy battlefield environment.Ying Long failed to meet Chiyou with the method of drainage.Later,there was the Battle of Banquan,and Chiyou was captured and killed.Banquan,literally meaning “anti-original”,was located in Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.In some literature,Emperor Yan and Banquan actually refer to Chiyou.The Battle of Banquan took place between Huang Emperor and Chiyou,and was a continuation of the Battle of Zhuolu.Pingdingshan was the country of Ying Kingdom in ancient times,and it was the first residence of the Yinglong tribe.Chiyou was captured and killed in “Jizhou” or “Zhongji”,which is actually the Yaoshan area of Pingdingshan City.Zhuolu is said in Hebei owing to the northward migration of the Yan Kingdom,and that Chiyou was said to be buried in Shandong is the result of the eastward migration of the Lu Kingdom.The "father-son" relationship between Chiyou,Emperor Yan and Huang is a historical manifestation of the “anthropomorphism” of ethnic integration. “Establishing the capital in Xinzheng” promotes ethnic integration and regional expansion.

     

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